What is Communications Protocol?

What is Communications Protocol? File Transfer Standards MNP
Communications Protocol

     All communications between devices require that the devices agree on the format of the data. The set of rules defining a format is called a protocol. At the very least, a communications protocol must define the following:
  1. Rate of transmission (in baud or bps)
  2. Whether transmission is to be synchronous or asynchronous
  3. Whether data is to be transmitted in half-duplex or full-duplex mode
In addition, protocols can include sophisticated techniques for detecting and recovering from transmission errors and for encoding and decoding data.
     The table lists the most commonly used protocols for communications via modems. These protocols are almost always implemented in the hardware; that is, they are built into modems.
     In addition to the standard protocols listed in the table, there are a number of protocols that complement these standards by adding additional functions such as file transfer capability, error detection and recovery, and data compression. The best-known are Xmodem, Kermit, MNP, and CCITT V.42 . These protocols can be implemented either in hardware or software.

Communications Protocols
Protocol Maximum Transmission Rate Duplex Mode
Bell 103 300 bps Full
CCITT V.21 300 bps Full
Bell 212A 1,200 bps Full
ITU V.22 1,200 bps Half
ITU V.22bis 2,400 bps Full
ITU V.29 9,600 bps Half
ITU V.32 9,600 bps Full
ITU V.32bis 14,400 bps Full
ITU V.34 36,600 bps Full
ITU V.90 56,000 bps Full

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What is Communications Protocol? File Transfer Standards MNP